历年四级英语作文范文(合集3篇)
历年四级英语作文范文 第1篇
大学英语四级历年真题
四级写作
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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四级听力
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A News Report
Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.
B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.
C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.
D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.
2. A) He doubled the reward.
B) He cheered him on all the way.
C) He set him an example.
D) He had the event covered on TV.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) To end the one-child policy.
B) To encourage late marriage.
C) To increase working efficiency.
D) To give people more time to travel.
4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.
B) They will help to popularize early marriage.
C) They will boost China\'s economic growth.
D) They will not come into immediate effect.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.
B) It leaves the house in a mess.
C) It makes party goers exhausted.
D) It creates noise and misconduct.
7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.
B) Visit the . and Canada.
C) Settle a legal dispute.
D) Expand their business.
Section B Conversation
Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) He had a driving lesson.
B) He got his driver\'s license.
C) He took the driver\'s theory exam.
D) He passed the driver\'s road test.
9. A) He was not well prepared.
B) He did not get to the exam in time.
C) He was not used to the test format.
D) He did not follow the test procedure.
10. A) They are tough.
B) They are costly.
C) They are helpful.
D) They are too short.
11. A) Pass his road test the first time.
B) Test-drive a few times on highways.
C) Find an experienced driving instructor.
D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Where the woman studies.
B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.
C) Leed\'s tuition for international students.
D) How to apply for studies at a university.
13. A) Apply to an American university.
B) Do research on higher education.
C) Perform in a famous musical.
D) Pursue postgraduate studies.
14. A) His favorable recommendations.
B) His outstanding musical talent.
C) His academic excellence.
D) His unique experience.
15. A) Do a master\'s degree.
B) Settle down in England.
C) Travel widely.
D) Teach overseas.
Section C Passage
Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.
B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.
C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
17. A) They are larger than many other species.
B) They can cause damage to people\'s homes.
C) They can survive a long time without water.
D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.
18. A) Deny them access to any food.
B) Keep doors and windows shut.
C) Destroy their colonies close by.
D) Refrain from eating sugary food.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) The function of the human immune system.
B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
D) The change in people\'s immune system as they get older.
20. A) Report their illnesses.
B) Offer blood samples.
C) Act as research assistants.
D) Help to interview patients.
21. A) Strengthening people\'s immunity to infection.
B) Better understanding patients\' immune system.
C) Helping improve old people\'s health conditions.
D) Further reducing old patients\' medical expenses.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.
B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.
23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.
B) Join the school\'s chess team.
C) Participate in a national chess competition.
D) Receive training for a chess competition.
24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.
B) Many have become national chess champions.
C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.
25. A) Actions speak louder than words.
B) Think twice before taking action.
C) Translate their words into action.
D) Take action before it gets too late.
四级阅读
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.
In a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced __28__ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.
“Michigan\'s __29__ in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to __30__ our leadership in transportation. We can\'t let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four bills recently introduced.
If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a substantial update of Michigan\'s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self- driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand __33__ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In __34__ , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more __35__ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.
A) bid
B) contrast
C) deputy
D) dominance
E) fleets
F) knots
G) legislation
H) migrated
I) replace
J) represent
K) restrictive
L) reward
M) significant
N) sponsor
O) transmitted
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100
A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.
C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.
D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career； These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.
E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.
F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.
G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.
H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.
I) It seems likely, then’ that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.
K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.
L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.
M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.
N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.
36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.
37. Just extending one\'s career may have both positive and negative effects.
38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.
39. Because of their longer lifespan? young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.
40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.
41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people\'s approach to life.
42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.
43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.
44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.
45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill.
“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker.
Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic (慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.
“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They\'re more likely to be widowed, and if they\'re the ones who become ill, they\'re more likely to get divorced.”
While the study didn\'t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”
Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.
“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it\'s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”
46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?
A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
B) They are as binding as they used to be.
C) They are not taken seriously any more.
D) They may help couples tide over hard times.
47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?
A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.
B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.
C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.
D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.
48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?
A) They are more likely to be widowed.
B) They are more likely to get divorced.
C) They are less likely to receive good care.
D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.
49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B) They find it more important to make money for the family.
C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.
D) They expect society to do more of the job.
50. What does Karraker think is also important?
A) Reducing marital stress on wives.
C) Providing extra care for divorced women.
B) Stabilizing old couples\' relations.
D) Making men pay for their wives, health costs.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling\'s (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?
Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.
The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who\'s in and who\'s out of the group.”
The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.
The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person\'s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.
In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.
51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?
A) Unwanted.
B) Unhappy.
C) Confused.
D) Indifferent.
52. What did David Rubin\'s research find about misnaming?
A) It is related to the way our memories work.
B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.
C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.
D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.
53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?
A) Similar personality traits.
B) Similar spellings of names.
C) Similar physical appearance.
D) Similar pronunciation of names.
54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?
A) It more often than not hurts relationships.
B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.
C) It is most frequently found in extended families.
D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.
55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?
A) They suffer more frustrations.
B) They become worn out more often.
C) They communicate more with their children.
D) They generally take on more work at home.
四级翻译
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。
四级答案
2019年6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
A Visit to Guangming Farm Opens Students\' Eyes
Sponsored by the Student Union, a total of 30 students paid a visit to Guangming Farm, a local farm 50 kilometers away from our university on June 8, 2019.
Guangming Farm is a state-owned farm mainly planting crops such as wheat and corn and producing milk and dairy products. During this visit, students saw the grand farmland and were deeply Impressed by the modern agricultural technology and the completely automotive operation of wheat harvest in particular. The trip culminated in a visit to a manufacturing process of dairy products. Mary, a student from the Department of Foreign Languages, said at the thought of agriculture, what occurred to her was the images of sweating peasants laboring in their field under the Sun. However, this trip totally changed her stereotype of Chinese agriculture.
The trip of fieldwork deepens college students\' understanding of the rapid social development by what they have witnessed in person, and will exert an ever-lasting influence upon their future study and work.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. C
22. D
23. C
24. A
25. B
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35：HAGDI NJEBK
36-45：IGDNA KHFMC
46-55：ADBAC BADDC
Part IV Translation
The lion dance has been a traditional Chinese folk art for more than 2000 years. In the lion dance, two performers share a lion costume, one moving the head and the other moving the body and tail. They skillfully cooperate to imitate the various movements of a lion. As the king of beasts, the lion symbolizes happiness and good luck, so people usually perform lion dances during the Spring Festival and other festivals. Lion dances can also be seen on other important occasions, such as store openings and wedding ceremonies, which often attract many people to watch.
历年四级英语作文范文 第2篇
Part I Writing(minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid\'s understanding of going to should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was theconversation and the questions will be spoken only each question there will bea the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), D),and decide which is the best mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
will give the woman some tips on the game.
woman has good reason to quit the game.
is willing to play chess with the woman.
woman should go on playing chess.
man can forward the mail to Mary.
can call Mary to take care of the mail.
probably knows Sally\'s new address.
would like to resume contact with Sally.
handwriting has a unique style.
notes are not easy to read.
did not attend today\'s class.
is very pleased to be able to help.
man had better choose another restaurant.
new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.
has been looking forward to spring.
has been waiting for the winter sale.
will clean the woman\'s boots for spring.
will help the woman put things away.
woman is rather forgetful.
man appreciates the woman\'s help.
man often lends books to the woman.
woman often works overtime at weekends.
to work on foot.
a sightseeing trip.
work earlier than usual.
a walk when the weather is nice.
plane is going to land at another airport.
flights have been delayed due to bad weather.
closing has disturbed the airport\'s operation.
airport\'s management is in real need of improvement.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
specializes in safety from leaks.
is headquartered in London.
has a partnership with LCP.
has a chemical processing plant.
is \'s friend.
is a safety inspector.
is a salesman.
is a chemist.
of the safety department.
\'s personal assistant.
of the personnel department.
public relations officer.
12. for to call back.
a message for .
details of their products and services.
a comprehensive description of their work.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.
dreamed of working and living in a European country.
read a lot about European musicians and their music.
listened to recordings of many European orchestras.
began taking violin lessons as a small child.
was a pupil of a famous European violinist.
gave her first performance with her father.
became a professional violinist at fifteen.
gave her a chance to explore the city.
was the chance of a lifetime.
was a great challenge to her.
helped her learn classical French music.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each passage, you will hearsome the passage and the questions will be spoken only youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B), D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
are mysterious stories behind his works.
are many misunderstandings about him.
works have no match worldwide.
personal history is little known.
moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
failed to go beyond grammar school.
was a member of the town council.
once worked in a well-known acting company.
18. of his time had no means to protect their works.
sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
works were adapted beyond recognition.
of his time had little interest in him.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. .
crash.
accidents.
20. the local customs.
hotel reservations.
tickets well in advance.
the right documents.
your agent.
a lift if possible.
official transport.
a friend meet you.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
down production cost.
inexpensive products.
in gold ornaments.
the taste of his goods.
a national press conference.
a live television interview.
a local sales promotion campaign.
a meeting of top British businesspeople.
words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.
who never learns from the past is bound to fail.
should be a limit to one\'s sense of humour.
is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have , when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?
The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.
This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.
”All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ,“ of Education Arne Duncan said.” Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation\'s teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our have to do leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.“
Today\'s announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama\'s year of today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to contains information given in one of the the paragraph from which the information is may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked with a the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
firms have to be a thick-skinned experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people even complain that McDonald\'s, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope not perhaps for much burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more ”trading down“proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.
C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food sales in America at McDonald\'s, the world\'s largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as , such as Burger King, have seen sales a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl\'s Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald\'s, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive in many cases that strategy did not year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$ to May a judge ruled in favour of Burger , the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its ”value menu“ now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.
expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 , a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.
are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including \'s started selling better coffee as a challenge to ” McCafe“ line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in has sold rights to its Seattle\'s Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
fast-food companies shift from ”super size“ to ”more buys“, they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty \'s will start selling porridge (粥)in America next has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks idea is that by having agreater range of things on the menu, ”we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day,“ says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.
what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don\'t want to eat a customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.
the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.”Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,“ says of \'s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in , found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald\'s claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.”We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,“ he therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald\'s from including toys in its high-calorie”Happy Meals“, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.
people propose laws be made to stop McDonald\'s from attaching toys to its food specials for children.
finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.
King will start to sell Seattle\'s Best coffee to increase sales.
fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.
the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.
the recession, Burger King\'s promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.
restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.
newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions orunfinished each of them there are four choices marked A., B), ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be in this week\'s Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can\'t prevent are the most aggressive skin have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn\'t have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it\'s not entirely it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don\'t use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
is people\'s common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
will protect them from sunburn.
will keep their skin smooth and fair.
will work for people of any skin color.
does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
is ineffective with long-term exposure.
is ineffective for people with fair skin.
do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
should be applied alongside other protection measures.
people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
does the author say about the second Australian study?
misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
confirms the results of the first Australian study.
does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
both covering up and sunscreen.
in the shade whenever possible.
covering up instead of sunscreen.
the right amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
Policy is partly European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable the changing nature of work also plays a big has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
people are replacing the elderly.
people tend to work longer.
rates are rising year after year.
with no college degree do not easily find work.
has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
life expectancies.
rapid technological advance.
changes in the workforce.
growing number of the well-educated.
do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
growth will slow down.
budgets will increase.
people will try to pursue higher education.
will be more competition in the job market.
is the result of policy changes in European countries?
workers may choose to retire early.
people have to receive in-service training.
wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
will do more complicated work.
will be taken by the educated young.
jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
are highly valued regardless of age.
Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。
1.大学英语四级听力真题练习
月英语四级翻译真题练习：地铁报
3.英语四级写作预热练习
4.英语四级作文日常练习方法
5.英语四级练习题及答案
英语四级听力练习试题
7.英语四级练习试题
8.大学英语四级考试历年真题词汇详解
9.英语四级历年真题中最高频词汇排序及考试词频
月大学英语四级听力真题模拟练习
历年四级英语作文范文 第3篇
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional (component of the College English Test (CET). Some people contend that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been told many times that a Chinese student who has been learning English for years cannot communicate with a native English speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel at grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely when speaking. A test of spoken English will bring the importance of speaking English to the awareness of the college students, and thus help them with their communicating skills.
On the other hand, there are also people who maintain that good reading and writing skills would be enough for the average English learners. College students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Also, some students may take the shortcut and only practice the questions according to the fixed format of the test, which will not actually improve their spoken English.
I believe that a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak fluent English is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall make all efforts to practice my spoken English in the rest years in college.
英语口语考试将作为大学英语考试(CET)的一个可选部分。有些人认为在中国举行英语口语考试是绝对必要的，因为我们已经被告知很多次，一个学习英语多年的中国学生无法与以英语为母语的人交流。有时，即使是那些擅长语法和写作技巧的`尖子生，也会发现他们的英语不足以在说话时自由地表达自己的思想。英语口语考试将使大学生意识到说英语的重要性，从而帮助他们提高沟通技巧。
另一方面，也有人认为良好的阅读和写作技能对一般的英语学习者来说就足够了。大学生已经承受着相当大的课业压力。另一项要求的测试只会增加他们的负担。此外，一些学生可能会走捷径，只按照固定的考试格式练习问题，这实际上不会提高他们的英语口语。
我相信英语口语考试利大于弊。由于中国将继续其改革开放政策，流利的英语能力对于任何想要在竞争激烈的社会中超越他人的人来说都是必须的。不管我是否参加考试，在大学剩下的几年里，我都要尽一切努力练习我的英语口语。
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