英语本科论文范文1

hester prynne ---- resurrection

a thesis

submitted to the department of english

of --------------------university

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

bachelor of arts

by

----------------------------

class： 3 grade：

supervised by

---------------------------

june

contents

chapter one： biography of nathaniel hawthorne…………………………………...p1

chapter tw depravity---the origin of the scarlet letter…………………………..p2

chapter three： hester prynne’s resurrection --- from suffering and redemption to salvation……………………………………………………………………………...p5

conclusion………………………………………………………………………….p10

references…………………………………………………………………………..p11

hester prynne---resurrection

abstract： the scarlet letter makes the american writer nathaniel hawthorne known all around the world. hawthorne is a pious christian， and is deeply influenced by the theology. he’s so much indulged in the religious doctrine that people can find the reflection of the god almost everywhere in his works. after reading the scarlet letter， one is mostly impressed by the spirit of the bible the story depicted. the book chiefly discusses sin and how to atone for it. hester prynne is the heroine of the fiction. this paper researches her fate to illustrate the influence of the bible to hawthorne. hester prynne commits adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet letter “a” on her breast. at the beginning， she encounters all kinds of sufferings， both from the society and from her own soul. however， she realizes her sin and tries her best to atone for it. and she dose not choose to avoid her fault. finally， through her endeavor， god forgives her. in short， sin and atoning for sin， that is the purpose of this paper.

英语本科论文范文2

《周易大传·系辞上》云：“易有太极，是生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，八卦定吉凶，吉凶生大业。是故法象莫大乎天地，变通莫大乎四时，县象著明莫大乎日月。”这段话是借解释筮法象数的形式而发挥出关于宇宙生成的哲理。“易有太极”的“易”字，从筮法象数言之，是指《易》之书，从哲理方面言之，是指变易，即宇宙生成的过程。对这段话的具体解释，在筮法象数方面，有揲蓍说和画卦说两解；在哲理方面，则主要有以“气”、以“无”、以“理”和以“心”释“太极”四解。本文重在疏释后一方面的分歧，对前一方面的两解则略作说明。

关于画卦说，邵雍的“先天易学”首言之，经朱熹的肯定而产生了广泛的影响。邵雍说：

太极既分，两仪立矣。阳下交于阴，阴上交于阳，四象生矣。阳交于阴，阴交于阳，而生天之四象；刚交于柔，柔交于刚，而生地之四象。于是八卦成矣。八卦相错，然后万物生焉。是故一分为二，二分为四，四分为八，八分为十六，十六分为三十二，三十二分为六十四。(《观物外篇》)

这段话就是用“加一倍法”讲八卦和六十四卦之形成，也就是：从“太极”生出分列的阴阳两爻，谓之为“两仪”；从“两仪”生出两画重叠的“太阳”、“太阴”、“少阳”、“少阴”，谓之为“四象”，从“四象”生出三画重叠的“八卦”，然后再从“八卦”生出两卦相重的六十四卦。朱熹对此说加以肯定，如其《易学启蒙》云；“太极之判，始生一奇一偶，而为一画者二，是为两仪……”“两仪之上各生一奇一偶，而为二画者四，是谓四象……”四象之上各生一奇一偶，而为三画者八，于是三才略具而有八卦之名矣。”《语类》卷七十五云：“此太极却是为画卦说。”《文集·答王伯丰}云：“太极、两仪、四象、八卦者，伏羲画卦之法也。”

画卦说在清代受到李埔等人的反驳。李塨说：

庖牺始作八卦，是《易》自作卦起，未闻始作太极也。……成象之谓乾，则先画乾，效法之谓坤，则次画坤。皆三画卦，以象三才，未闻有一画、两画止，而谓之阳仪、阴仪、太阳、少阴、少阳、太阴者。(《周易传注》)；

李塨的反驳确有其据。《周易大传·系辞下》云：“古者包牺氏之王天下也，仰则观象于天，俯则观法与地，观鸟兽之文，与地之宜，近取诸身，远取诸物，于是始作八卦……”《系辞上》云：“在天成象，在地成形”，“成象之谓乾，效法之谓坤”。在《周易大传》的解释中，《易》之书始于作八卦，首画乾，次画坤，八卦皆三画重叠，而没有八卦从一画之“两仪”、二画之“四象”产生的思想。了画、二画实际上是邵雍的“先天之数”，而并非“象”。《系辞上》云：“圣人有以见天地之赜，而轱，诸其形容，象其物宜，是故谓之象。”八卦之“象”是对物之“形容”的模仿，因而又有圣人“观象以制器”之说，若一画之“两仪”、二画之“四象”，则并非“物宜”、

物之“形容”，只是邵雍的“数”。画卦说是邵雍的发挥、创造，但并非《周易大传》的本义。

李塨引唐代易学家崔憬曰：“五十有一不用，太极也，不变者也。有太极之一，乃可用四十九策，分而为二，有奇有偶也。”(见李塨《周易传注》)这是用《系辞上》“大衍之数五十，其用四十有九，分而为二以象两……”揲蓍之序来解释“易有太极，是生两仪……”按李鼎祚《周易集解》，崔憬对“太极”有两解，一云；“舍一不用者，以象太极”；二云：“四十九数合而未分，是象太极也，今分而为二，以象两仪也”。此两解关系如何可存而不论(前弓解源自王弼，后一解同于孔颖达)，可以确定的是；“崔憬认为“易有太极，是生两仪……”是讲揲蓍之序，与“大衍之数五十……”意义相通，；

《系辞上》云：“大衍之数五十，其用四十有九，分而为二以象两，挂一以象三，揲之以四以象四时……是故四营而成易，十有八变而成卦，八卦而小成……”这是一个比较复杂的算卦的过程。“易有太极，是生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦……”与此算卦的次序大致相合。“太极”或是指“舍一不用”，或是指“四十九数合而未分”，“是生两仪”即“分而为二以象两”，“两仪生四象”即“揲之以四以象四时”，“四象生八卦”即“四营而成易，十有八变而成卦”，中间所缺者是“挂一以象三”等等。“易有太极……”的后面所云“是故法象莫大乎天地，变通莫大乎四时，县象著明莫大乎日月”，与“大衍之数五十……”的次序也大致相合，“天地”即“象两”之“两”，“四时”与“象四时”契合，“日月”即“离”坎”(《易·说卦传》：离为日，坎为月)以简括八卦，或如虞翻所云：“日月悬天，成八卦象……”(李鼎祚《周易集解》).这说明“易有太极……”的确是“大衍之数五十……”的一种简化或简要的缩写。因而，从筮法象数言之，用揲蓍说解释“易有太极……”是可以成立的。

英语本科论文范文3

How to deal with the setbacks

We’ve all hit that bump in the road， the setback， the problem. What sets people apart is how they react to that bump. Are you one to spin out of control， in despair？ Or do you grab a hold of that wheel and steer yourself straight？ Whether it’s a school assignment， a work project， or a volunteer mission， we all encounter things that slow us down. You just have to keep in mind that a setback is only temporary and greater things lay ahead.

It is easy just to quit， give up and ignore the hard work you have put into something. But at SparkPeople， we believe in the "two steps forward， one step back" philosophy. So what if something bad happens？ Keep moving forward， developing what you have. You’ve already built a solid foundation on which you can rely. Hard work can’t be overlooked.

So how can you react when something doesn’t turn out as you’ve expected？ First， be objective. Step back and look at the situation. Take responsibility where it is due， but don’t place blame on others. Is your setback really that significant， or will it just require a little extra exertion on your part？ Come to terms with it and then start planning your next move. Ask for help. Don’t be afraid or ashamed to do this. Oftentimes， people are more than willing to give you support and advice， maybe even after being in a similar situation. You don’t have to be perfect； after all， nobody else is.

Bounce back. Reevaluate the goals you should have set for yourself at the beginning and retool them as necessary. Goals should be realistic and specific， but that doesn’t mean they can’t be flexible and are allowed for minor impediments. Instead of looking at your project as a disaster or failure， view it with success. Concentrate on how great it will feel after it is finally done， after you have put your all into it. Instead of focusing on a possible unsatisfactory performance one single time， take a moment to sit back and reward yourself for all that you have accomplished.

Above all， don’t live with regrets. Approach life with perseverance and dedication to the things that matter most to you. Success is never easy. It remains up to you whether you will give up， or fight through the tough battles to earn whatever it is you want.

A fragment of a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson is telling：

"Finish each day And be done with it.

You have done what you could. Some blunders and absurdities have crept in. Forget them as soon as you can."

Move on with your life. Keep reaching for your goals and you will achieve them. One minor setback is nothing if you really want something and are willing to work for it.